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连锁企业与专业物流服务提供方的长期合作会形成一种战略性的纵向物流联盟关系，而解决目前连锁超市的配送问题，除了纵向联盟，另一个关键就是要组建连锁超市企业间横向物流联盟，可以使连锁超市企业最大限度地利用有限资源、降低风险和运营成本，实现物流合理化。

Howdoesaninvestigationofsocial-culturalinfl论文类别：工商管理论文下载-管理理论论文下载上传时间：2008/9/178:40:00论文作者：未知论文版本：简体版繁体版英文版1.Internationalmarketingingeneralisinfluencedbysocio-cultural，background，religiousbeliefsandcustomswhichcannotbeoverviewed.Theculturaldimensionprovidesthechanceandchallengetomarketers.Sotheinvestigationissignificantwhichwillmakethedecisionaccordinglyandmorecorrectly.Withthefollowingwewillintroducethenecessityindetail.Customisthemostimportantfactorinfluencethemarketing.Infact，successfulmarketingpeoplesawthecloseconnectionbetweencustomandcustomers:thewaytoturnpeopleintocustomersistomakeyourproductpartoftheircustomaryactions.Sometimeswholeindustriesarecreatedaroundacustom(Halloweencostumes)andatothertimes，customsarecreatedaroundaproduct(Valentine’sDaycards).Inbothcases，marketerstookadvantagesofthebasichumanneedforritual.Culturesdistinguishthemselvesbytheirrituals，evenwhentheyshareacommonlanguage.Collectingknowledgeaboutlocalcustomisbestdoneupcloseandfirsthand.Getting“ontheground”informationiswellworththecostthatitmayentail.Ifyourfirsttriptoanewcountryisforthepurposeofsellingaproductratherthaninvestingthepotentialtosellone，youmaybedisappointed.Marketershavetolearnhow，why，andwhenthetargetmarketgoesaboutitsbusinessinordertomakeyourproductfit.Anothershouldbetakenintoconsiderislanguage:Mostoftheworld’snationalboundariesaresetalonglinguisticperimeters.Especiallynames，whichareimportantineverylanguageandformarketers，brandnamesareparamount.Arrivinginanewmarketwithagreatnewproductthat’ssaddledwithabadbrandnamecouldspelldisaster.Evenestablishedinternationalcompanieshaveproblemswiththeirnames:SiemensisrarelyspelledcorrectlyanywherebutGermany，andfewpeopleineastAsiacanpronounceNestleproperty，norcanWesternerspronounceHyundai.Investigationofthelanguagewassurelykeyinnamingtheproduct.Also，thehistorycannotbeneglected.Everycountryandculture，whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic，hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner，anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.Ontheotherend，aculturethathasbeenmarkedbyindependenceforsometimewillhavefewfearsofforeignoperationsandmayfindthesubtleapproachfartoolacklusterandslow.Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves，atleastemotionally，fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.Oftentimes，thisincludesracialprejudicesthataredifficulttoshake，earlierpoliticaldisagreementsthathaveneverbeenfullysettled，ofoldunhealedwarwounds.Moreover，whenenteringtheforeigntherewillbemanyotheraspectsshouldbelearned，suchasreligion，thefamily，theeducationect.Theinvestigationoftheculturedimensionwillprovideinsightsforthemanagers，andthentheywilldealwiththebusinesseasilyandappropriately.Insomecases，itrunsalonggenderlines.Generallyspeaking，theinvestigationofsocia-culturalinfluenceswillbenefitthethemarketing:engageyourknow-howtoincreasesecurity;getimportantdetailstoreachyourmostimportantprospectivecustomers;reduceyourcostsforgoodscreditsandhence:increaseyourprofit.Themanagersneedtoputgreatemphasisontheinvestigation.2.Entrymodel(think2differententrymodel)inadditiontoevaluating2alternativemarketentrymodes.Alsodiscussthefactorsthatinfluenceaffirmschoicebetweenthealternative.Thereareavarietyofkindstoenteranothermarket，thesimplestformofentrystrategyisexporting，andmorecomplexformsincludetrulyglobaloperationswhichmayinvolvejointventures.ThefollowingwillintroducejointventureandFDI，alsocomparethedifferencebetweenthem.JointventuresJointventurescanbedefinedas"anenterpriseinwhichtwoormoreinvestorsshareownershipandcontroloverpropertyrightsandoperation".Jointventuresareamoreextensiveformofparticipationthaneitherexportingorlicensing.Therearefivecommonobjectivesinajointventure:marketentry，risk/rewardsharing，technologysharingandjointproductdevelopment，andconformingtogovernmentregulations.Otherbenefitsincludepoliticalconnectionsanddistributionchannelaccessthatmaydependonrelationships.Thekeyissuestoconsiderinajointventureareownership，control，lengthofagreement，pricing，technologytransfer，localfirmcapabilitiesandresources，andgovernmentintentions.FDI:Foreigndirectinvestment(FDI)isdefinedas“investmentmadetoacquirelastinginterestinenterprisesoperatingoutsideoftheeconomyoftheinvestor.”TheFDIrelationshipconsistsofaparententerpriseandaforeignaffiliatewhichtogetherformatransnationalcorporation.InordertoqualifyasFDItheinvestmentmustaffordtheparententerprisecontroloveritsforeignaffiliate.ForaninvestmenttoqualifyasFDI，physicalcapitalmustbecreatedintheforeigncountry(suchasmanufacturingfacilities，orfactories.)Thisphysicalcapitaliscontrolledbyafirmbasedoutsideofthereceiving，orhostcountry.Foreigndirectinvestmentisconsideredtobeaverystableinvestmentbecauseitinvolvesthecreationofphysicalcapital.FDIisconsideredtobealongterminvestmentbecausephysicalcapitalisnoteasilyliquidated.Comparethetwomodes:ModeJointventuresDirectinvestmentConditionsfavoringthismodeLargeculturalDistanceAssetscannotbefairlypricedHighsalespotentialSomepoliticalriskGovernmentrestrictionsonforeignownershipLocalcompanycanprovideskills，resources，distributionnetwork，brandname，etc，Partners’size，marketpower，andresourcesaresmallcomparedtotheindustryleaders;SmallculturaldistanceAssetscannotbefairlypricedHighsalespotentialLowpoliticalriskAdvantagesOvercomeownershiprestrictionsandculturaldistanceCombinesresourcesof2companiesPotentialforlearningLessinvestmentrequiredSharingofriskandabilityJointfinancialstrengthMaybeonlymeansofentryandThesourceofsupplyforathirdcountry.GreaterknowledgeoflocalmarketCanbetterapplyspecializedskilledCanbeviewedasaninsiderDisadvantagesDifficulttomanageDilutionofcontrolGreaterriskthanexportinga&licensingMaybeimpossibletorecovercapitalDisagreementonthirdpartymarketstoserveHigherriskRequiresmoreresourcesandcommitmentMaybedifficulttomanagethelocalresourcesCase:QuebecorWorldwillprint20billiondirectorypagesayearinMexico，equaltomorethan75percentoftheMexicandirectorymarket.Whichmakeuseofthefollowingtwopoints:FDIbyacquisition;FDIwillincreasecapacity，andcompetitivenessoftarget.Differentmodesofentrymaybemoreappropriateunderdifferentcircumstances，andthemodeofentryisanimportantfactorinthesuccessoftheproject.Ifthepartnerscarefullymapoutinadvancewhattheyexpecttoachieveandhow，thenmanyproblemscanbeovercome.3.Acquisition(largeconsumermanufacture):Introduction:Undertheconditionofmodernenterprisesystemandmarketeconomy，“acquisition”oftenreferstoalegalactforanenterprisetoacquirethecontrolpowerandmanagingpowerofanotherenterprisethroughacertainchannel.Whichisalsoknownasatakeover，isthebuyingofonecompany(the‘target’)byanother.Anacquisitionmaybefriendlyorhostile.Intheformercase，thecompaniescooperateinnegotiations;inthelattercase，thetakeovertargetisunwillingtobeboughtorthetarget'sboardhasnopriorknowledgeoftheoffer.免费论文下载中Typesofacquisition:Thebuyerbuystheshares，andthereforecontrolsthetargetcompanybeingpurchased.Ownershipcontrolofthecompanyinturnconveyseffectivecontrolovertheassetsofthecompany，butsincethecompanyisacquiredasagoingbusiness;suchtransactioncarriesalloftheliabilitiesaccruedbythatbusinessoveritspastandalloftherisksthatcompanyfacesinitscommercialenvironment.Thebuyerbuystheassetsofthetargetcompany.Thecashthetargetreceivesfromthesell-offispaidbacktoitsshareholders.Suchtransactionleavesthetargetcompanyasanemptyshell.Abuyeroftenstructuresthetransactionasanassetpurchaseto"cherry-pick"theassets.Adisadvantageofthisstructureisthetaxthatmanyjurisdictions.Recently，alongwiththedevelopmentoftheeconomic，thescaleoftheacquisitionbecomesoverwhelmingandthephenomenonmorenormal.ThemainwaysofacquisitionofChineselistedcompaniesbyforeigncapitalarethefollowing:acquisitionbyagreement，acquisitionbyoffer，increasingtoissueBsharetocertainpeople，indirectacquisition，enteringintoChineselistedcompaniesbywayofjoiningtheprocessofchangingstateassetscreditors’rightsintostockinterests，formingChinese-foreignjointventuresandsoon.Basedthebackgroundofeconomicglobalization，acquisitionofChineseenterprisesbyforeigncapitalhasbecomethemaininternationaldirectinvestmentwaybyforeigncountries.Chineselistedcompaniesaretheirmainobjects.ExampleAgilent'sacquisitionofIBM'sarrayandchargetestassetscombinesIBM'stechnologyandproductknowledge，itslargeinstalledbase，anditsmarketrecognition.TheacquisitionisbeingintegratedintoAgilent'sHachiojiSemiconductorTestDivision.AgilenthasassumedfullresponsibilityforIBM'swideinstalledbaseofFPDmanufacturersinJapan，TaiwanandKorea，aswellasongoingcommitmentsinapplicationsupport，productsupportandfuturerequirements.FPDmanufacturershavelongunderstoodthevalueofarraytesting，suchaspost-processcostsavings，expeditedyieldramp-upandstabilizationoftheproductionprocess.Movingforward，bybuildinguponthefoundationofbothAgilent'sandIBM'stechnologyandexpertise，AgilentexpectstosetanewindustrystandardforFPDarraytestingintermsofabsolutemeasurementsensitivityandspeed.Theyalsoexpecttodelivertocustomersimprovedmanufacturingprocessesatlowercost-of-test，ultimatelyenablingmoreaffordableFPDproducts.Acquisitionisaneffectiveapproachforenterprisestoenterintoforeignmarkets.Soacquisitioncannotonlyenlargetheclientbaseofcompany，butalsomakeitmorecompetitiveforforeignproductcost.Anditcanalsoprovidemoredistributionchannelsofexportmarket.Qlast：AmericantheoryofHRM----internationalboundaries&‘cultures----Hofstedculturedimensions.人力资源引入:(A)Humanresourcemanagementisthetheory，techniques，methods，andtoolsforstudyingtheadjustmentofpeopleandtheirrelationsintheorganization，connectionbetweenworkanditsrelations，matchingthepeopleandworkinordertofullydevelophumanresourcemanagement，tappeople’spotentials，motivatingpeople，promotingtheworkefficienciesandmeetingtheorganizationalobjectives.AndanotherquotefromTomKeenoyisthatHRM’smainpurposeisto“providealegitimatemanagementideologytofacilitatetheintensificationofwork”.Toachievethisobjective，themeaning，historicaldevelopmentandtheoreticalunderpinningsofHRMareoutlined.Globalizationhaspotentialimplicationsforvirtuallyalloftheresearchneedsanddirectionswealreadyhaveidentified.Today'sincreasinglyglobal，competitivemarketplacehasdrivenconsiderablechangesinlabormarkets，andhastransformedthepracticeofHumanResourceManagement.Expandedmultinationaloperationswithinlargecompanies，combinedwithincreasedtechnologyandcommunicationcapability，haveledtovastdiffusionofglobal“bestpractices”inHRM.引出文化差异现象，提出并分析问题(B)HowevertheCoreofCross-CulturalManagementCulturaldifferencesaffecttheefficiencyoforganizationsthroughpeople’sminds，valuesandbehavior.Itisalsohumans(forexample，themanagers)whoimplementcross-culturalmanagement.Aglobalorganizationneedstounderstandcross-culturaldifferencesbothinsideandoutsidetheorganization.Managingglobalboardsandseniorexecutivecommitteesrequiresasophisticatedunderstandingofculturaldifferencesininteractionpatternsandinattitudestowardstime，influence，andproblemsolvingstyles.Generallyspeaking，therearethreeculturaldimensionsdefined:Powerdistance，Uncertaintyavoidance，Inpidualism.AsfarasIknow，themostsignificantinfluenceinculturaldifferenceisthepowerdistance.Itisthedistancebetweenamanagerandsubordinate.Amongmostorientalcorporatecultures，thatisahighpowerdistanceculturethatmanagersmakethedecisionandsuperiorsappealtotheentitledmoreprivileges.Insuchsituation，itisnotberegardsifasubordinateshaveadisagreementwiththeirmanagers.Butinthewest，whentheemployeegotdifferentideas，hewillgotodiscusstheproblemwithhisboss.Conflictandmisunderstandingmustoccuriftwoormoreinterculturesmeetup.Underthissituation，theinternationalmanagersmustpayattentiontotheclashesandbeawareof.Howtoworkthesubordinatestogetherefficientlyandmorecooperativelyisimportanttoo.TheseconddimensionHofstedeindicatedistheuncertaintyavoidancewhichisthelackoftoleranceforriskandtheneedforformalrules.Theyfeelsafeandpridefulwhentheykeepworkinghardattheoneplacesoanexcellentmanagershouldkeephisemployeeawayfromunpredictablerisk.Onantherhandtheemployeewouldliketobeworkedwithingroupsratherthanindependentlycauseofthelessrisk-taking.Butinmostwesterncountries，highjobmobilityoccursinthosecountriessuchasUSA，Denmark，Singapore.Theythinkthejobwhentheychangetheirjobs，moreandbetterjobscanbehunted.Andtheycangetmoreexperiencecausetheylikechallenge.Acompetentmanagershouldpayattentionontherulessettingbetweendifferentuncertaintyavoidance.Themisreadingofthatmayaffecttheinitiativeandtheaspirationofthesubordinates.Thenthereisalsoalargediscrepancyontheinpidualism.Itisaconcernforyourselfasaninpidualasopposedtoconcernforthegroup.Thepriorityofself-concernorgroup-concernvariesfromdifferentcultures.Forexample，mostwesternemployeesliketoworkwiththeirownplanfordefendingtheirinterest.Thatisahighinpidualism.Theyjustsimplyworkintheirownways，followtheirownrules，andachievetheirownobjective.Itisgoodforacompanytogatherasmuchideasastheycanwhenstartinganewprogram.Buthowtomanagetheseinpidualstoreachthegroupgoalshouldbetheawarenessformanagers.Ithinkwhoisgoodatthisshouldbegoodatgrouping，troubleshooting，andcoordinatingskills.Cross-culturalmanagementisafascinatinglycomplexsubject.Crossculturalknowledgeandawarenesscanassistexecutivestoimprovemanagementskills.Moreimportantly，itcanalsohelpbusinessleadersmaketherightstrategicdecisions.TheabovethreedimensionsilluminatedthemostimportantculturaldifferencesthataffectonHRM.Internationalmanagersoughttobeabletoawarenotonlytheculturaldifferencebutalsotheinterculturalcommunication.转贴于免费论文下载中声明：本论文来自免费论文下载中心：200809/81894.asp免费论文下载中心所发布的论文版权归原作者所有，本站仅供大家学习、研究、参考之用，未取得作者授权严禁摘编、篡改、用作商业用途.

1、继续抓好班风建设，突出一个“实”字，高三这一年更要讲究实效性，不来空洞的，对学生要作细致的思想政治工作计划，尽量对学生的错误苗头处理在萌芽之中，对学生要动之以情，晓之以理，经常与学生交谈，使之在高三这一年让所有学生即成才又成人。

聚集资本的职能下降，利用资本运动逐利的职能上升为主体地位；

（五）“信任――忠诚”成本。

该书中将战略管理明确解释为"企业高层管理者为保证企业的持续生存和发展，通过对企业外部环境与内部条件的分析，对企业全部经营活动所进行的根本性和长远性的规划与指导"。

关键词:次级贷款;金融危机;马克思经济危机理论2007年4月爆发的次贷危机，以美国新世纪金融公司(美国第二大次房贷公司)破产事件为标志，由房地产市场蔓延到信贷市场，进而演变为全球性金融危机。

2.组织机构现代化。

企业文化不断深化是离不开广大员工的精诚付出和共同管理的效果，更离不开一个能蕴造和发展此文化的土壤和适宜的生存环境（政策支持），相信，只要大家共同努力，xx企业文化的内涵将更加深化值得关注的是，这种城市不但包含放松限购、限购、限贷，提升个人公积金贷款额，派发买房补贴等措施，还给出了颇有创意“多生一个娃，多一张房票”等“花样”放开现行政策。

而作为主管部门则需要启动青少年“短视频防沉迷系统”升级版，从时间长短，时间选择进行约束。

是挑选中国的诚信，还是美国的规则，罗马尼亚的实例，就是最好的解说。

只有加强审计人力资源的开发、培训，才能更好地提高其业务素质，从而更好地把握现代风险导向审计的精髓。

明智的做法是稳增长，常常要提防地方政府的投资热、提防通货膨胀、提防经济过热！免费论文下载中心3.比特加速全球化的进程，金融加剧全球化的风险网络时代加速了全球化的进程。

而且，在横向绿色供应链中核心生产企业之间不是传统意义上的供应商与生产商的关系。

本次邀请到人大环资委和环保部固废中心对动力电池回收相关政策和制度进行了解读。

在这种情况下，国际短期资本不能短时间内大规模的流动，形不成对我国金融市场的巨大影响。

表―10兵团工业内部关联度分析表项目工业轻工业重工业关联度10.7663860.659532由表10可以看出，兵团轻工业对工业的影响重工业，兵团矿产资源优势等有待进一步开发。

连日来，在疫情防控一线，在睢阳区东方街道办事处京港社区，有这样一群有责任、敢担当、讲奉献的青年志愿者，逆行而上，无畏高温酷暑，勇于担当作为，传递“爱心力量”。

最后，由于高校产业一般来说都是一些优质资产，进入资本市场之后将有利于提高整个市场的资产质量。

因此，当前的思想政治教育工作者应以金融危机应对教育为契机，通过对培养目标、教育内容、教育方针、教育方法等的全方位改革，建立一整套与金融危机相适应的思想政治教育创新体系，用以推动大学生的全面发展。

有研究者指出咨询开始实现由传统咨询向现代咨询转变，这种转变带来了咨询业发展的新特征，主要表现为差别化，创新，全球化。

尤其是在我国这样一个自然灾害频发的国家，应急供应链的物资管理流程在诸如洪水、雪灾、台风等自然灾害的物资管理中也具有一定的借鉴意义。

采用国际先进的生物处理工艺。

所谓“工资基金”理论是指：一个国家在一定时期内的资本额是一个固定的量，其中用来支付工资的部分就是“工资基金”，工资水平的高低取决于工资基金与人口之间的比例。

(未完待续。。)

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